شناسایی تجسم‌های گمراه‌کننده

Act as a data visualization forensics expert.
Your task is to write a comprehensive guide about the following topic:
Topic: [موضوع]
Primary Keyword: [کلمه کلیدی]

Constraints & Guidelines:
1. Begin with a comprehensive list of the most common causes of misleading visualizations, organized by category (intentional vs unintentional, technical vs perceptual).
2. For each cause, provide:
   - A clear explanation of how the misleading effect occurs.
   - Real-world consequences when this type of visualization is used.
   - Specific design phase interventions to prevent it.
3. Include concrete examples and counter-examples for each cause.
4. Provide actionable prevention strategies that can be implemented during the design phase.
5. Focus on practical solutions that work under real-world constraints (time pressure, limited resources, stakeholder demands).
6. Avoid overly technical jargon - make it accessible to both designers and decision-makers.

Output strictly in Persian language.